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PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 1 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated 3w stereo class-d with dc volume, power limit and anti-saturation description the PAM8008 is a 3w, class-d audio amplifier. advanced 64-step dc volume control minimizes external components and allows speaker volume control. integrated power limit technology which suppress the output signal clip automatically due to the over level input signal. it offers low thd+n and protect speaker. integrated anti-saturation technology which suppress the output signal clip automatically when supply voltage changes. it offers low thd+n, to produce high-quality sound reproduction. PAM8008 has an additional noise reduc tion circuit which achieves 6db noise attenuation. this circui t may help eliminate external filtering, thereby saving the board space and components cost. the PAM8008 features scp (short circuit protection), otp and thermal shutdown. the PAM8008 is available in sop-16l package. features ? 3w output at 10% thd with a 4 load and 5v power supply ? 2.4w output at 1% thd with a 4 load and 5v power supply ? filterless, low quiescent current and low emi ? low thd+n ? power limit function to prot ect speaker when occuring large input ? 64-step dc volume control from -80db to +20db ? 6db effective noise reduction ? superior low noise: 60v ? minimize pop/clip noise ? high efficiency up to 90% ? auto recovery short circuit protection ? thermal shutdown ? pb-free package pin assignments applications ? lcd monitors / tv projectors ? notebook/all-in-one computers ? portable speakers ? portable dvd players, game machines
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 2 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical applications circuit pin descriptions pin number pin name function 1 sd full chip shutdowncontrol input (active low). 2 bypass bias voltage for power amplifiers. 3 rinn negative input of right channel power amplifier. 4 pl connect pl to gnd for power limit setting. 5, 12, 13 gnd ground connection. 6 linn negative input of left channel power amplifier. 7 volume dc volume control to set the gain of class-d. 8 mute mute control input (active high). 9 loutp positive output of left channel power amplifier. 10, 15 vdd power supply. 11 loutn negative output of lef t channel power amplifier. 14 routn negative output of right channel power amplifier. 16 routp positive output of right channel power amplifier.
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 3 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated functional block diagram absolute maximum ratings (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) these are stress ratings only and functional operation is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for prolonged time periods may affect device reliability. all voltages are with respect to ground. parameter rating unit supply voltage 6.0 v input voltage -0.3 to v dd +0.3 operational junction temperature -40 to +125 c storage temperature -65 to +150 soldering temperature 300, 5 sec recommended operating conditions (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) parameter rating unit supply voltage range 2.5 to 5.5 v ambient operationtemperature range -20 to +85 c junction temperature range -20 to +125 thermal information parameter package symbol max unit thermal resistance (junction to ambient) sop-16l ja 110 c/w thermal resistance (junction to case) sop-16l jc 23
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 4 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated electrical characteristics (@t a = +25c, v dd = 5v, gain = maximum, r l = 8 ? , unless otherwise specified.) parameter symbol test conditions min typ max units supply voltage range v dd 2.5 5.5 v quiescent current i q no load 8 ma output offset voltage v os no load 10 mv drain-source on-state resistance r ds(on) i ds = 0.5a p mosfet 0.31 ? n mosfet 0.21 output power p o thd+n = 1% f = 1khz r l = 8 ? 1.4 w r l = 4 ? 2.4 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n r l = 8 ? , p o = 0.85w, f = 1khz 0.08 % r l = 4 ? , p o = 1.75, f = 1khz 0.08 power supply ripple rejection psrr input ac-gnd, f = 1khz, v pp = 200mv 70 db channel separation cs p o = 1w, f = 1khz -95 db oscillator frequency f osc 200 250 300 khz efficiency p o = 1.1w, f =1 khz, r l = 8 ? 87 % p o = 2.4w, f =1 khz, r l = 4 ? 83 % noise v n input ac-gnd a-weighting 60 v no a-weighting 80 signal noise ratio snr f = 20 - 20khz, thd = 1% 95 db turn-on time t on v dd = 5v, c byp = 1f 1.2 s mute current i mute mute = v dd 4 10 ma shutdown current i sd v sd = 0v 1 a logic input high v ih 1.4 v logic input low v il 0.6 over temperature protection otp 150 c over temperature hysteresis oth 40 c
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 5 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (@t a = +25c, v dd = 5v, g v = 20db, r l = 8 ? , unless otherwise specified.)
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 6 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, v dd = 5v, g v = 20db, r l = 8 ? , unless otherwise specified.)
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 7 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, v dd = 5v, g v = 20db, r l = 8 ? , unless otherwise specified.)
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 8 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, v dd = 5v, g v = 20db, r l = 8 ? , unless otherwise specified.) table 1. dc volume control step gain (db) volume (v) step gain (db) volume (v) 1 19.84 0 to 0.201 33 6.60 2.461 to 2.533 2 19.42 0.201 to 0.275 34 6.24 2.533 to 2.605 3 19.00 0.275 to 0.347 35 5.88 2.605 to 2.678 4 18.60 0.347 to 0.419 36 5.51 2.678 to 2.751 5 18.21 0.419 to 0.491 37 5.16 2.751 to 2.823 6 17.83 0.491 to 0.563 38 4.79 2.823 to 2.897 7 17.46 0.563 to 0.633 39 4.43 2.897 to 2.969 8 16.92 0.633 to 0.701 40 4.06 2.969 to 3.043 9 16.40 0.701 to 0.771 41 3.70 3.043 to 3.114 10 15.90 0.771 to 0.849 42 3.33 3.114 to 3.186 11 15.41 0.849 to 0.929 43 2.96 3.186 to 3.259 12 14.93 0.929 to 1.005 44 2.58 3.259 to 3.332 13 14.47 1.005 to 1.079 45 2.21 3.332 to 3.403 14 14.02 1.079 to 1.153 46 1.83 3.403 to 3.476 15 13.58 1.153 to 1.225 47 1.44 3.476 to 3.551 16 13.15 1.225 to 1.297 48 1.05 3.551 to 3.621 17 12.72 1.297 to 1.371 49 0.66 3.621 to 3.695 18 12.30 1.371 to 1.443 50 0.26 3.695 to 3.767 19 11.89 1.443 to 1.517 51 -0.14 3.767 to 3.839 20 11.49 1.517 to 1.589 52 -1.19 3.839 to 3.909 21 11.09 1.589 to 1.661 53 -2.27 3.909 to 3.979 22 10.70 1.661 to 1.733 54 -3.19 3.979 to 4.045 23 10.31 1.733 to 1.807 55 -5.18 4.045 to 4.116 24 9.92 1.807 to 1.879 56 -7.16 4.116 to 4.195 25 9.55 1.879 to 1.951 57 -9.11 4.195 to 4.273 26 9.17 1.951 to 2.025 58 -11.01 4.273 to 4.347 27 8.80 2.025 to 2.097 59 -17.13 4.347 to 4.421 28 8.42 2.097 to 2.169 60 -22.95 4.421 to 4.493 29 8.06 2.169 to 2.243 61 -29.07 4.493 to 4.565 30 7.69 2.243 to 2.315 62 -33.50 4.565 to 4.637 31 7.33 2.315 to 2.389 63 -39.33 4.637 to 4.708 32 6.69 2.389 to 2.461 64 -58.62 4.708 to max
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 9 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information power limit function when connect pin 4 to gnd or floating, the PAM8008 power is limited at 2.5w. different from other company?s power limit, the po wer limit circuit of PAM8008 sets a limit on the output peak voltage, and the value is lower than the supply voltage (v dd ), it means the thd+n always lower than 10% when power limit works. when the PAM8008 enters in powe r limit mode, the gain changes depending on the input audio signal a mplitude and the attack, release time. the gain changes constantly as the audio signal increase or decrease. every gain step size is abo ut 0.4db. if the audio signal has near-constant amplitude or the maxi mum attenuation is 20db, the gain does not change. anti-saturation function when connect pin 4 to high, the PAM8008 enters power limit or anti-saturation mode. which mode is selected depending on v dd and input audio signal amplitude. if the v dd < = 5v, it enters anti-saturation mode. if the v dd > 5v, it enters power limit mode. in anti-saturation mode, the power is 2.3w and the thd+n is lower than 1% when v dd = 5v. if connect pin 4 to v dd /2, it can disable power limit and antisaturation function. table 2. PAM8008 power limit and anti-saturation varible description varible description value gain the max gain when the PAM8008 is not in power limit and anti-saturation mode. 20db (maximum) attack time the minimum time between two gain decrements. 128s release time the minimum time between two gain increments. 256ms table 3. PAM8008 power limit and anti-saturation mode setting pl mode pl = floating or pl = 0v to 0.2v power limit pl = 0.8v to vdd/2 power limit and anti-saturation off pl = 3.8v to vdd v dd > 5v, power limit v dd < = 5v, anti-saturation noise reduction function the gain of PAM8008 will reduce 6db when there is no audio at the input of the amplifier for 8s. the gain will recover until th e input signal is above the noise threshold.the noise thre shold is set by internal voltage. mute operation the mute pin is an input for controlling the class-d output st ate of the PAM8008. a logic low on this pin enables the outputs, and a logic high on this pin disables the outputs. this pi n may be used as a quick disable or enable of the outputs without a volume fade. quies cent current is listed in the electrical characterist ic table. the mute pin can be left fl oating due to the internal pull-down. shutdown operation in order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the pam 8008 contains shutdown circuit to tur n off the amplifier's bias circuit. the amplifier is turned off when logic low is placed on the sd pi n. by connecting the sd pin to gnd, the PAM8008 supply current wil l be minimized in idle mode. the sd pin can be left floating due to the internal pull-up. for the best power on/off pop performance, the amplifier should be placed in the mute mode prior to turning on/off the power supply.
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 10 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information (cont.) power supply decoupling the PAM8008 is a high performance cmos audio amplifier that r equires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output thd and psrr as low as possible. power supply decou pling also prevents oscillations caused by long lead between the amplifier and the s peaker. the optimum decoupling is achieved by using two ca pacitiors of different types that target different types of noise on the power su pply leads. for higher frequency transients, spikes, or digita l hash on the line, a good low equivalent series resisitance (esr) ceramic capaci tor, typically 0.1f, is recommended, placing as close as possible to the device?s v dd lead. for filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a large capacitor of 10f (ceramic) or greater placed near the audio power amplifier is recommended. input capacitior (c i ) large input capacitors are both expensive and spce hungrt for port ale designs. clearly, a certai n sized capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. but in many cases the spea kers used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 100hz to 150hz. thus, using a large i nout capacitior may not increase actual system performance. in this case, input capacitor (ci) and input resisitance (ri) of the amplifier fo rm a high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined equatio n below, c r 2 1 f i i c = in addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is a ffected by the size of the input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent dc voltage (norminally ? v dd ). this charge comes from the internal circ uit via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low freq uency response, turn- on pops can be minimized. analog reference bypass capacitor (c byp ) analog reference bypass capacitor (c byp ) is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. during start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, c byp determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. the se cond function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive si gnal. this noise is from the internal ana log reference to the amplifier, which appea rs as degraded psrr and thd+n. a ceramic bypass capacitor (c byp ) of 0.47f to 1.0f is recommended for the best thd and noise performance. increasing the bypass capacitor reduces clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering and leaving shutdown. under voltage lock-out the PAM8008 incorporates circuitry designed to detect when the s upply voltage is low. when the supply voltage drops to 2.2v or below, the PAM8008 outputs are disable, and the device comes out of this state and starts to normal functional once v dd 2.4v. short circuit protection (scp) the PAM8008 has short circuit protection ci rcuitry on the outputs that prevents the device from damage when output-to-output an d output-to- gnd short. when a short circuit is detected on the outputs, the outputs are disabled i mmediately. if the short was removed, the device activates again. over temperature protection thermal protection on the PAM8008 prevents the device from damage w hen the internal die temperature exceeds +150c. there is a 15 degree tolerance on this trip point from device to device. once the die temperature exceeds the thermal set point, the device outputs are disabled. this is not a latched fault. the thermal fault is cleared once the temper ature of the die is reduced by +40c. this large hysteresis will prevent motor boating sound well. the device begins normal operation at th is point without external system interaction. how to reduce emi (electro magnetic interference) a simple solution is to put an additional capacitor 1000f at po wer supply terminal for power li ne coupling if the traces from amplifier to speakers are short (< 20cm).
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 11 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information (cont.) how to reduce emi (electro magnetic interference) (cont.) most applications required a ferrite bead filter as shown at figu re 1. the ferrite filter reduces emi around 1mhz and higher. when selecting a ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequenc ies, and low impedance at low frequencies (mh2012hm221-t). figure 1: ferrite bead filter to reduce emi pcb layout guidelines grounding at this stage it is paramount to notice the necessity of s eparate grounds. noise currents in the output power stage need to be returned to output noise ground and nowhere else. were these currents to circulate el sewhere, they may get into the power supply, the signal groun d, etc, worse yet, they may form a loop and radiate noise. any of these cases results in degraded amplifier performance. the logical returns for the output noise currents associated with class-d switching are the respecti ve gnd pins for each channel. the switch state diagram illustr ates that gnd is instrumental in nearly every switch state. this is the perfect point to which the output noise ground trace should return. also note that output noise ground is channel specific. a two c hannel amplifier has two seperate channels and consequently must have two seperate out put noise ground traces. the layout of the PAM8008 offers separate gnd c onnections for each channel and in so me cases each side of the br idge. output noise grounds must be tied to system ground at the power in exclusively. signal currents fo r the inputs, reference, etc need to be returned to quite ground. this ground is only tied to the signal components and the gnd pin, and gnd then tied to system ground . test setup for performance testing (class d) 1. when the PAM8008 works with lc filters, it should be connected with the speaker before it's powered on, otherwise it will be damaged easily. 2. when the PAM8008 works without lc filters, it's better to add a ferrite chip bead at the outgoing line of speaker for suppre ssing the possible electromagnetic interference. 3. the absolute maximum rating of the PAM8008 operation voltage is 6.0v. when the PAM8008 is powered with four battery cells, i t should be noted that the voltage of four new dry or alkaline batteri es is over 6v, higher than its maximum operation voltage, which p robably make the device damaged. therefore, it's recommended to use either fo ur ni-mh (nickel metal hydride) rechargeable batteries or three dry or alkaline batteries. 4. the input signal should not be too high, if too high, it will cause the clipping of output signal when increasing the volume . because the dc volume control of the PAM8008 has big gain, it will make the device damaged. 5. when testing the PAM8008 without lc filters b y using resistor instead of speaker as the output load, the test results, e.g. thd or efficiency, will be worse than thos e using speaker as load. notes: 1. the ap aux-0025 low pass filter is necessary for class-d amplifier measurement with ap analyzer. 2. two 22 h inductors are used in series with load resistor to emulate the small speake r for efficiency measurement.
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 12 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated ordering information part number package type standard package PAM8008dr sop-16l 2500 units/tape&reel marking information
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 13 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated package outline dimensions (all dimensions in mm.) sop-16l
PAM8008 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 14 of 14 www.diodes.com october 2012 ? diodes incorporated PAM8008 a product line o f diodes incorporated important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries rese rve the right to make modifications, enhanc ements, improvements, corrections or ot her changes without further notice to this document and any product descri bed herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability ari sing out of the application or use of this document or an y product described herein; neither does di odes incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or us er of this document or products described herein in such applica tions shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diodes incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability w hatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthoriz ed sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes inco rporated products for any unintended or una uthorized application, customers shall i ndemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representativ es harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death a ssociated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of t his document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical component s in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive offi cer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or syst ems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when proper ly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support devic e or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expect ed to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifi cations of their life support dev ices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-rel ated requirements concerning the ir products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or s ystems-related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporate d and its representatives against any damages arisi ng out of the use of diodes incorporated pr oducts in such safety-critical, life suppor t devices or systems. copyright ? 2012, diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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